BAB I
## Material: Web Browser
###
Introduction
A web browser
is software used to explore and display web pages. This software allows users
to access various websites, web applications, and other online content. Here,
we will explain further about the functionality, features, and types of web
browsers.
### Main
Functions of Web Browsers
1.
**Displaying
Web Pages**: Web browsers are responsible for displaying web pages presented in
the form of text, images, videos, and other elements.
2.
**Interaction
with Web Pages**: Users can interact with web pages through the browser, such
as clicking links, filling out forms, and scrolling pages.
3.
**History
and Bookmark Management**: Browsers store users' browsing history and allow
them to save bookmarks to easily revisit specific websites.
4.
**Security
Settings**: Browsers provide security features such as phishing detection, ad
blocking, and privacy settings to protect users from online threats.
5.
**Enhancement
of Functionality**: Many browsers include additional features such as
extensions, themes, and other customization settings to enhance the user
experience.
### Types of
Web Browsers
1.
**General
Web Browsers**
Ø **Google Chrome**: Developed by Google, known for its speed,
stability, and integration with other Google services.
Ø **Mozilla Firefox**: An open-source browser known for its security,
privacy, and flexibility through its extension ecosystem.
Ø **Microsoft Edge**: The default browser for Windows, focused on
performance, security, and integration with Microsoft services.
Ø **Apple Safari**: The default browser for MacOS and iOS, designed
for efficient performance and seamless integration with other Apple devices.
2.
**Open
Source Project-Based Browsers**
Ø **Chromium**: The basis for browsers like Google Chrome, Microsoft
Edge, and many others.
Ø **Brave**: A privacy-focused browser that blocks ads and trackers
by default.
Ø **Opera**: A browser that offers innovative features such as Opera
Turbo to improve browsing speed.
3.
**Mobile
Browsers**
Ø **Google Chrome**: The mobile version of Chrome that provides data
synchronization across devices.
Ø **Safari**: The default
browser on iOS devices with strong integration with the Apple ecosystem.
BAB II
## Material: HTML Text Editors
###
Introduction
HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design web pages.
To write HTML code, you need a text editor, which is a software application
specifically designed for editing plain text. In this lesson, we'll explore
different types of text editors commonly used for writing HTML code.
### Types of
HTML Text Editors
1.
**Basic
Text Editors**
Ø **Notepad (Windows)**: A simple text editor included with Windows
operating systems. It provides basic functionality for writing and editing text
files, including HTML.
Ø **TextEdit (MacOS)**: The default text editor on MacOS systems,
offering similar basic features for writing HTML code.
2.
**Advanced
Text Editors**
Ø **Sublime Text**: A sophisticated text editor with features like
syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and multiple selections, making it
popular among developers for writing HTML and other code.
Ø **Atom**: A customizable text editor developed by GitHub, known for
its hackability and extensive package ecosystem, which includes packages for
HTML development.
Ø **Visual Studio Code (VSCode)**: A powerful, open-source code
editor developed by Microsoft. It offers built-in support for HTML, along with
a vast array of extensions for additional functionality.
Ø **Brackets**: An editor specifically designed for web development
by Adobe. It provides live preview and preprocessor support, making it suitable
for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript development.
3.
**Integrated
Development Environments (IDEs)**
Ø **Adobe Dreamweaver**: An IDE that combines a visual design
interface with a code editor, allowing for both visual and code-based HTML
development.
Ø **Eclipse**: A versatile IDE primarily used for Java development,
but with plugins available for web development, including HTML editing
capabilities.
Ø **NetBeans**: Another IDE supporting multiple programming
languages, including HTML, with features like syntax highlighting and code
completion.
### Features of
HTML Text Editors
Ø **Syntax Highlighting**: Highlights HTML tags and attributes with
different colors to improve code readability.
Ø **Auto-Completion**: Provides suggestions and automatically
completes HTML tags and attributes as you type, saving time and reducing
errors.
Ø **Code Folding**: Allows collapsing and expanding sections of code
to focus on specific parts of the HTML document.
Ø **Integrated Preview**: Offers a live preview of the HTML document,
allowing developers to see changes in real-time as they edit the code.
Ø **Extensions and Plugins**: Extensible through plugins and
extensions, providing additional functionality tailored to specific needs, such
as Emmet for rapid HTML and CSS coding.
BAB III
### Material: In-depth Introduction to HTML
####
Introduction
HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create and design web
pages. In this material, we will delve into the fundamentals of HTML, HTML
document structure, HTML elements, and how to use them to create interactive
and informative web pages.
#### Basics of
HTML
HTML stands for
Hypertext Markup Language. It is a language used to create and structure
content on web pages. HTML uses “tags” to mark elements in documents, which are
then interpreted by web browsers to display content accordingly.
#### HTML
Document Structure
Every HTML
document starts with the `<html>` element and ends with the
`</html>` element. The basic structure of an HTML document includes the
head (`<head>`) and body (`<body>`).
-
`<head>` Element: Contains meta information about the document, such as
title, metadata, and links to external stylesheets.
-
`<body>` Element: Contains the actual content to be displayed on the web
page, such as text, images, videos, and other interactive elements.
#### HTML
Elements
HTML elements
are the basic building blocks of a web page. Each element has its own name and
function, and can have attributes that determine the behavior or appearance of
the element.
Common HTML
elements include:
- `<p>`:
To mark text paragraphs.
-
`<img>`: To display images.
- `<a>`:
To create links or hyperlinks.
- `<ul>`,
`<ol>`, `<li>`: To create unordered lists and ordered lists.
-
`<div>`: To group HTML elements into a single unit.
-
`<span>`: To mark text that can be styled or highlighted with CSS.
#### Using HTML
to Create Web Pages
With HTML
elements, you can create interactive and informative web pages. Here are the
general steps for creating a web page with HTML:
1. Define the
basic structure of the HTML document by adding the `<html>`,
`<head>`, and `<body>` elements.
2. Add content
to the `<body>` element, such as text, images, links, and other
interactive elements.
3. Use HTML
attributes to adjust the behavior or appearance of elements, such as providing
alternate text for images or specifying links to other pages.
4. Save the
HTML document with the “.html” file extension and open it using a web browser
to view the results.
BAB IV
### Material: Displaying Images in HTML
####
Introduction
Displaying
images is an essential aspect of web page design. In this material, we will
learn how to use HTML to display images on a web page.
#### HTML Image
Tag
To display
images on a web page using HTML, we use the `<img>` tag. This tag does
not have a closing tag and serves to instruct the browser where to find and
display the image.
#### Structure
of the Image Tag
The general
format for the image tag is as follows:
```html
<img src=”Image_URL”
alt=”Alt_Text” width=”Pixel_Width” height=”Pixel_Height”>
```
- **src**: This
attribute specifies the URL or location of the image file.
- **alt**: This
attribute provides alternative text to be displayed if the image cannot be
loaded.
- **width**:
This attribute specifies the width of the image in pixels (optional).
- **height**:
This attribute specifies the height of the image in pixels (optional).
#### Example
Usage
Here’s an
example of using the image tag in HTML:
```html
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Displaying
Images</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Cute
Cat Image</h2>
<img src=”cat.jpg”
alt=”Cute Cat” width=”300” height=”200”>
</body>
</html>
```
####
Explanation
- We start with
the `<img>` tag.
- The `src`
attribute indicates the URL or location of the image file “cat.jpg”.
- The `alt`
attribute provides the alternative text “Cute Cat” for the image.
- The `width`
and `height` attributes specify the size of the image.
BAB V
### Material: Using Links (Hyperlinks) in HTML
####
Introduction
Links or
hyperlinks are essential elements in web design that allow users to navigate
from one web page to another. In this material, we will learn how to use HTML
to create links on web pages.
#### HTML Link
Tag
To create links
in HTML, we use the `<a>` tag. This tag allows us to link text or images
to other web pages, files, or locations within the same page.
#### Structure
of the Link Tag
The general
format for the link tag is as follows:
```html
<a href="Destination_URL">Link_Text</a>
```
- **href**:
This attribute specifies the URL or destination location of the link.
-
**Link_Text**: This is the text or content that will be displayed as the link.
#### Example
Usage
Here's an
example of using the link tag in HTML:
```html
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using HTML Links</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Link
to Google</h2>
<a
href="https://www.google.com">Visit Google</a>
</body>
</html>
```
####
Explanation
- We use the
`<a>` tag to create a link.
- The `href`
attribute indicates the destination URL of the link to
"https://www.google.com".
- "Visit
Google" is the text that will be displayed as the link.
#### Link to
Location within the Same Page
You can also
create links to specific locations within the same page using IDs.
Example:
```html
<a
href="#section2">Go to Section 2</a>
...
<h2
id="section2">Section 2</h2>
```
BAB VI
### Material: Using Headings in HTML
####
Introduction
Headings are
essential elements in the structure of a web page that help organize and group
content. In this material, we will learn about the usage of headings in HTML
and the various heading levels available.
#### HTML
Heading Tags
Headings in
HTML are marked using the `<h1>` to `<h6>` tags. The higher the
heading number, the smaller its size and visual importance.
#### Structure
of Heading Tags
The general
format for heading tags is as follows:
```html
<h1>Heading_Text_1</h1>
<h2>Heading_Text_2</h2>
...
<h6>Heading_Text_6</h6>
```
#### Example
Usage
Here's an
example of using heading tags in HTML:
```html
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using HTML
Headings</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading
1 - Main Title</h1>
<h2>Heading
2 - Subtitle</h2>
<h3>Heading
3 - Small Subtitle</h3>
<h4>Heading
4 - Sub Subtitle</h4>
<h5>Heading
5 - Sub Sub Subtitle</h5>
<h6>Heading
6 - Smallest Title</h6>
</body>
</html>
```
####
Explanation
- We use the
`<h1>` to `<h6>` tags to create headings with different levels.
- The lower the
heading number, the smaller its size and visual importance.
#### Using
Headings in Document Structure
Headings are
also used to organize the structure and hierarchy of content within an HTML
document. `<h1>` is typically used for the main page title, followed by
`<h2>` for subtitles, and so on.
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